iOS devices

The topic covers IOS device best practices and offers solutions for iOS device issues.

Use an iOS device without a SIM card

If you have no SIM card installed, when running XCUITEST, you may experience a crash from your device’s plug & play because of the No-SIM popup. To avoid this crash, you can use a sample SIM card (recommended) or follow these guidelines:

In device's System Settings, configure the auto-lock of the device to 30 seconds.
On the iOS Agent, tap two times on the OpenText Functional Testing Lab icon.
Select the VNC tab.
Set the Avoid device lock option to 1 minute, to avoid device locking (which may occur even with the device's system auto-lock settings).
Note: To apply this setting to all connected iOS devices, configure the setting in Administration settings > iOS options. This eliminates the need to configure the setting manually on each connected device.
It is strongly advised to also enable Application Launch Alert Dismiss . If the setting is disabled and a system alert occurs, it may block the functionality of the Avoid Device Lock feature, causing the device to lock.
Note: To apply this setting to all connected iOS devices, configure the setting in Administration settings > iOS options. This eliminates the need to configure the setting manually on each connected device.

What should I know about app certificates?

When installing an app that is already installed on the device, be sure to use the same Developer certificate as the installed app. If the certificates do not match, the installation fails. For example, if the app on the device is signed with Certificate A you cannot install the same app signed with Certificate B.

The same applies if an app on the device is signed with an Enterprise certificate and you want to install the same app signed with a Developer certificate.

Workaround: If the certificates do not match, first remove the app that is already installed on the device, and then reinstall the app with the other certificate onto your device.

Note: Non-packaged hybrid apps signed with an Enterprise certificate are not supported.

"Certificate was signed by an unknown authority" issue when trying to code sign an app

When code-signing an app on a Macintosh, an Apple trusted authority certificate must be installed so that Apple can be recognized as a trusted authority by the Keychain Access app. If an Apple trusted authority certificate is not installed, any certificate issued by Apple is shown as invalid. For more details on software signing certificates, see the Apple Developer documentation.

If a certificate is shown as invalid (red) in the Keychain Access app, followed by an error “This certificate was signed by an unknown authority”, you need to download and install a new certificate from the Apple Worldwide Developer Relations Certificate Authority.

invalid certificate

Install the certificate as follows:

1. Download the certificate from the Apple Developer support site.

2. Double-click the certificate.

3. Verify that it is valid (green) and does not display the following error: “This certificate was signed by an unknown authority”.

Valid Apple Developer certificate

Prevent your iOS device from locking during replay

If the device was set up to lock its screen, or sleep, after a certain interval, this can affect your replay.

To prevent all connected iOS device from locking, configure the Prevent auto lock setting in Administration settings > iOS options. This eliminates the need to configure the setting manually on each connected device.

Alternatively, to manually prevent a device's screen from locking up, make sure that your Display Settings for Sleep are set to "Never".

If your device continues to sleep and lock its screen, you can apply a workaround to send a pseudo-action to the device to prevent it from sleeping, and to keep the device unlocked. The pseudo-action used by this workaround, is the Volume up and Volume down controls. It does not affect the steps in your test, but you can see the control briefly at certain intervals, on the device screen.

To set up this action:

On your device, open the Agent application.
On the OpenText Functional Testing Lab icon, tap the screen two times. The advanced developer bar becomes visible at the bottom of the screen.
Click the bottom right button, VNC, to display the VNC server details settings.
Click in the right value column for the Avoid Device Lock feature.
Select an interval in which to send the pseudo-action to the device, from 1 to 5 minutes.

Log files for iOS devices

You can get crash logs for a device in a number of ways:

Method	File Location
Locate file on Linux server/connector machine	Change directory to the linux directory: Devices connected to server machine: <Path to your Linux server folder>/server/libimobiledevice/linux Devices connected to standalone connector: <Path to your Linux Connector folder>/connector/libimobiledevice/linux Run the following command: `./idevicesyslog –u <UDID>`
Locate file on Windows server/connector machine	Open a command prompt window and go to the following folder: Devices connected to server machine: `<Path to your Windows server folder>\server\libimobiledevice\win` Devices connected to standalone connector: `<Path to your Windows Connector folder>connector\libimobiledevice\win` Run the following command: `idevicesyslog –u <UDID>`
Locate file on Mac connector machine	Change directory to the linux directory: `cd /opt/FunctionalTestingLabForMobileAndWeb/connector/libimobiledevice/mac` Run the following command: `./idevicesyslog –u <UDID>`
Sync with iTunes	MacOS Mojave (10.14) only: Perform a sync with iTunes to copy the files to your machine. The files are copied to: Windows:`C:\Users\<USERNAME>\AppData\Roaming\Apple Computer\Logs\CrashReporter\MobileDevice\<DEVICE_NAME>` Mac: `~/Library/Logs/CrashReporter/MobileDevice/<DEVICE_NAME>`
Share from your device	Locate the crash information in the following location on your device: Settings > Privacy. Scroll down and tap Analytics.
Open the Xcode Organizer (requires macOS and Xcode)	Launch Xcode on your desktop machine. Open the Xcode Organizer window. (Window menu > Organizer, or Cmd-Shift-2.) Find your device in the left sidebar, and then select device logs.

Issues with orientation steps

When you record the packaged version of an app on iOS, the recorder generates two orientation steps after the Home navigation step.

Empty device log downloaded from the device control pane

The time zone on your iOS device must match the time zone on the connector machine. If the time zones are not aligned, an empty text file is downloaded.

Unable to click Login button or other elements of an app on remote device screen viewer

Certain elements, such as the soft keyboard, are visible on the physical device but not on the remote device display. This is due to Apple security enhancements. There may be cases where these "invisible" elements are placed on top of other elements and prevent users from interacting with them. For example, the soft keyboard may be placed over the Login button, thereby preventing users from clicking it.

Virtual keyboard and secured passwords do not display

When typing secured passwords on a device running on iOS 13 and above, the virtual keyboard and secured passwords do not display in the remote device screen viewer.

Due to apple security enhancements, when typing a password on a device using the remote screen viewer, the virtual keyboard is not displayed and the text is not visible on secured password fields. On the physical device, both the keyboard and the visual indicators (dots) for the password show. Even though the text/keyboard is not displayed, the text is sent as expected.

The same behavior is observed when using the option Send text to device. The text is sent even though it is not displayed.

AccessibilityId is not used for identification

Record and replay of packaged iOS apps uses the accessibilityLabel property and value for object recognition, and not accessibilityId. If your test logic uses the accessibilityId property and value to distinguish a specific object and you plan on testing packaged apps, set up the device as follows:

On your device, open the Agent application.
On the agent logo, tap the screen two times. The advanced developer bar becomes visible at the bottom of the screen.
Click the VNC button on the bottom right of the screen, to display the settings.
Switch on use accessibilityId for packaged apps.

Unable to connect a device running on iOS 12 and higher - "No SIM" alert

Insert a SIM card or sample SIM card in the device.

Alternatively, manually configure the device and Agent app on the device as follows:

On the device, select Settings > Display & Brightness> Auto-lock and set the timing to 30 seconds.
Open the Agent app on the device.
Tap the OpenText Functional Testing Lab icon 2 times. The developer options tab bar is displayed at the bottom.
Tap the VNC icon and set Avoid Device Lock to 1 minute.

Note: To apply this setting to all connected iOS devices, configure the setting in Administration settings > iOS options. This eliminates the need to configure the setting manually on each connected device.

iOS app crashes

If an app consistently crashes after a launch or Start Record, or if you cannot launch it with the Install application option (the actual option name may differ depending on the tool you are using) is selected, perform one of the following :

Run the tests with the uninstall or delete option.

Tool	Option name
OpenText Functional testing	Select the Uninstall checkbox in the Record and Run Settings dialog box, in the Mobile tab.
TruClient	Delete App After Execution in the TruClient General Settings dialog box, in the OpenText Functional Testing Lab settings tab.
Sprinter	UNINSTALL button in the APPLICATION tab of OpenText Functional Testing Lab.

Install the repackaged AUT on the device, and only use the Restart option.

Tool	Option name
UFT One	Restart in the Record and Run Settings dialog box, in the Mobile tab.
TruClient	Restart App in the TruClient General Settings dialog box, in the OpenText Functional Testing Lab settings tab.
Sprinter	RESTART button in the APPLICATION tab of OpenText Functional Testing Lab.

The Agent does not start up on the device

If the Agent does not start up on the device, verify that the devices are recognized by the server or connector machines:

Linux

Navigate to:
Devices connected to server machine
/<path to server installation folder>/server/libimobiledevice/linux/
or
Devices connected to standalone connector
/<path to connector installation folder>/connector/libimobiledevice/linux/
Run idevice_id –l

The result of this command should be a list of devices IDs (UDID). If the command returns an empty result or ERROR message, try the following:

Log in as root on the OpenText Functional Testing Lab server or connector machine.
Locate the process ID of “usbmuxd”
ps aux | grep 'usbmuxd'
Kill the process:
kill –9 <processID>
Start usbmuxd again:
usbmuxd
Run idevice_id –l again to see if the device is recognized.

Windows

Open a command prompt window and go to the following folder:
Devices connected to server machine:<Path to your Windows server folder>server\libimobiledevice\win or
Devices connected to standalone connector: <Path to your Windows Connector folder>\libimobiledevice\win
Run the following command: idevice_id –l

The result of this command should be a list of devices IDs (UDID). If there are no devices listed when a device is connected to USB port, this may mean that:

The USB port is not working (hardware problem)
iTunes is not installed, or you are not using the most up-to-date version of iTunes on the Connector computer. Download the latest version of iTunes.

Enterprise certified apps do not launch

When trying to launch an enterprise certified app through your test (for example OpenText Functional testing), the launching may fail the first time you start the app, because Apple requires the user to manually approve the app on the device. The error message asking for approval is not visible in the testing tool's interface (e.g. OpenText Functional testing). However, if you launch the app manually, it is visible.

Solution: Manually launch the app and approve its certificate. Then, launch it through your test.

URL navigation steps do not record on XCUITest devices

When recording on XCUITest devices, URL navigation was not recorded.
Solution: If the navigation to the URL is the first step in your test, wait at least 5 seconds to make sure the JavaScript injection is complete. Click once in the address bar to open the keyboard—do not perform a double-click or press the Clear button. Type in the complete URL using the PC keyboard (not the device's) and press Enter.

Date picker actions fail

When using the date picker to select a date, make sure that you make your selection within 30 seconds. If the duration of the time selection exceeds 30 seconds, the agent times out. This issue only applies to non-packaged apps on iOS devices.

Unresponsive device

If a device doesn't work as expected, try to reset all settings. For example, if remote access doesn't work, taps don’t respond, apps don’t install, and so forth, revert to the original default settings:

Select General > Reset > Reset All Settings.

Follow the steps described in Initial device configuration.

Agent stops working

If the Agent stops working on the device, do the following:

Disconnect the device by unplugging the USB cable.
Wait 5 seconds, and reconnect the device by USB cable.

If you're still having problems:

Remove the Agent apps and all applications under test (AUTs) from the device.
Close all open apps on the device.
Wait 5 seconds and reconnect the device to the USB port.

As a last resort:

Restart the device. The Agent is reinstalled.
Accept any system pop-ups on the device.
Unplug the device by disconnecting the USB cable. Wait 5 seconds and reconnect the device.